L-Theanine · Human Randomized Trial
L-theanine was studied for stress-related and sleep-quality measures
Published title
“Effects of L-Theanine Administration on Stress-Related Symptoms and Cognitive Functions in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial”
What the research found
Thirty healthy adults received 200 mg of L-theanine daily for four weeks. The study reported improvements in selected stress-related symptoms and components of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.
L-Theanine · Systematic Review
A systematic review evaluated L-theanine and sleep
Published title
“Examining the effect of L-theanine on sleep: a systematic review of dietary supplementation trials”
What the research found
The review examined human supplementation trials, commonly using 200 to 450 mg per day. It found possible benefits across some sleep outcomes, with differences among study designs and populations.
L-Ornithine · Human Randomized Crossover Trial
L-ornithine was studied after alcohol consumption
Published title
“A randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled crossover trial on the effects of L-ornithine on salivary cortisol and feelings of fatigue of flushers the morning after alcohol consumption”
What the research found
Participants received 500 mg of L-ornithine HCl, providing 400 mg of ornithine, after alcohol consumption. The small study reported improvements in selected next-morning fatigue, mood, perceived sleep-length, and cortisol measures.
L-Ornithine · Human Randomized Trial
L-ornithine was studied for stress and sleep-quality measures
Published title
“Randomised controlled trial of the effects of L-ornithine on stress markers and sleep quality in healthy workers”
What the research found
A randomized trial in healthy workers reporting fatigue found improvements in selected subjective sleep, fatigue, and stress-related outcomes.
L-Cysteine · Human Randomized Trial
L-cysteine was evaluated in an alcohol-challenge study
Published title
“L-Cysteine Containing Vitamin Supplement Which Prevents or Alleviates Alcohol-related Hangover Symptoms: Nausea, Headache, Stress and Anxiety”
What the research found
In 19 men included in the analysis, researchers reported selected symptom associations at 600 mg and 1,200 mg of free L-cysteine delivered in a multinutrient product. The exact publication title is shown for citation and is not a Wine & Shine product claim.
L-Cysteine · Human Crossover Study
Specialized slow-release L-cysteine was studied for local gastric acetaldehyde exposure
Published title
“Slow-release L-cysteine capsule prevents gastric mucosa exposure to carcinogenic acetaldehyde: results of a randomised single-blinded, cross-over study of Helicobacter-associated atrophic gastritis”
What the research found
This study used a specialized slow-release L-cysteine preparation and reported reduced local gastric acetaldehyde exposure under the tested conditions. The delivery system and population differ from the Wine & Shine formula.
DHM · Animal and Laboratory Study
DHM was studied in preclinical alcohol-exposure models
Published title
“Dihydromyricetin as a novel anti-alcohol intoxication medication”
What the research found
DHM changed ethanol-related behavior and GABA-A receptor outcomes in rodent and receptor models. These are preclinical findings and do not establish effects of the finished Wine & Shine product in humans.
DHM · Animal Study
DHM was studied in a chronic ethanol mouse model
Published title
“Dihydromyricetin supplementation improves ethanol-induced lipid accumulation and inflammation”
What the research found
In a chronic ethanol mouse model, DHM supplementation was associated with lower hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammatory markers under the tested conditions. This is preclinical evidence.
Stinging Nettle Leaf · Human Randomized Trial
Stinging nettle leaf was evaluated in a human allergic-rhinitis trial
Published title
“Randomized, double-blind study of freeze-dried Urtica dioica in the treatment of allergic rhinitis”
What the research found
Global assessments favored freeze-dried stinging nettle leaf over placebo, while differences in daily symptom-diary scores were small. The study evaluated allergic rhinitis, not Wine & Shine or responses to wine.
Stinging Nettle Extract · Laboratory Study
Nettle extract was studied in histamine-related laboratory pathways
Published title
“Nettle extract (Urtica dioica) affects key receptors and enzymes associated with allergic rhinitis”
What the research found
In vitro research found effects on the H1 histamine receptor, mast-cell tryptase, COX enzymes, and HPGDS. These laboratory findings do not establish that Wine & Shine blocks histamine or treats allergic symptoms.
Alcohol Metabolism · Authoritative Reference
How the body normally metabolizes alcohol
Published title
“Alcohol Metabolism”
What the research found
The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism explains that alcohol dehydrogenase converts alcohol to acetaldehyde and aldehyde dehydrogenase converts acetaldehyde to acetate.
Molybdenum · Authoritative Nutrient Reference
Molybdenum is required for sulfite oxidase
Published title
“Molybdenum: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals”
What the research found
The NIH Office of Dietary Supplements identifies molybdenum as an essential component of the cofactor used by sulfite oxidase and three other human enzymes. This supports normal sulfite metabolism; it does not mean the product neutralizes sulfites or prevents sulfite reactions.
